Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Vibrio species in fish in a reduction trial using lemon juice and sesame oil

Background: Because of its high nutritional value, excellent taste, and ease of digestion, fish is one of the most popular foods.However, it also serves as a vehicle for various pathogenic microorganisms, particularly Vibrio species, which pose a risk to public health.Aim: This study targeted studying the Ginger prevalence of multidrug resistant Vi

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Substrate-induced unfolding of protein disulfide isomerase displaces the cholera toxin A1 subunit from its holotoxin.

To generate a cytopathic effect, the catalytic A1 subunit of cholera toxin (CT) must be separated from the rest of the toxin.Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is thought to mediate CT disassembly by acting as a redox-driven chaperone that actively unfolds the CTA1 subunit.Here, we show that PDI itself unfolds upon contact with CTA1.The substrate-in

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